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Messenger rna vaccine10/31/2023 ![]() ![]() Ribosomes “translate” the instructions in mRNA and synthesize the protein.Ribosomes, which are located in the cell outside of the nucleus, make proteins. This copy, known as mRNA, moves from the nucleus (center) of the cell to the ribosomes.A process known as transcription makes an RNA copy of a DNA sequence for a protein.How mRNA delivers messages in three steps: These molecules are called messenger RNA because they carry instructions for producing proteins from one part of the cell to another. They’re single-stranded molecules that carry genetic code from DNA in a cell’s nucleus to ribosomes, which make protein in the cells. MRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid. But what is mRNA, and what makes vaccines that use this molecule different? The mRNA vaccines have been an important tool in preventing COVID-19 cases and severe outcomes like hospitalizations and deaths. The FDA later approved the Moderna vaccine. In August 2021, the FDA approved the Pfizer vaccine - making it the first mRNA vaccine ever to receive full FDA approval. They became the first-ever mRNA-based vaccines to gain regulatory authorization. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued emergency use authorization for the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna both use mRNA technology to fight COVID-19. MRNA has become more widely discussed during the COVID-19 pandemic because of vaccines. It carries the genetic information needed to make proteins. Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is a type of RNA found in your cells. We also encourage you to visit other reliable websites for updated information, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and your state and local governments. The information in this story was accurate as of its publish date. However, education about COVID-19 can shift quickly based on new data, emerging variants, or other factors. We also make updates to our content as information changes. Disclaimer: At UPMC HealthBeat, we strive to provide the most up-to-date facts in our stories when we publish them.
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